This Style Guide covers only the preparation of manuscripts for the Analytical Reports in International Education (ARIE) by authors . For guidance on the types of papers ARIE publishes, see Submission Guide section.


General Information

We recommend the following sources for use in preparation of your manuscripts:

Manuscript Specifications

Parers are published in two categories: regular and short.     

There is no absolute limit, but the length should not ordinarily exceed 40 double-spaced pages for regular papers, including references, appendixes, tables, and figures, and 15 double-spaced pages for short papers.
Double-spaced page is defined as  an 8.5" by 11"  or A4 page with 12-point type and 24-point vertical spacing. Each page contains approximately 250 words. Margins should be not less than 1".

Submission Package
The Submission Package includes:  cover letter (not counted in the page limit),  title page,  abstract,  text of paper proper, index terms, illustrations and tables (if needed), and bibliography.
The cover letter should indicate the type of submission (regular or short paper) and may include recommendations for referees. The title page must include complete contact information for all authors and clearly identify the corresponding author. An abstract of 100 to 200 words, clearly stating the nature and significance of the paper, is required at the head of the manuscript. Abstracts must not include mathematical expressions or bibliographic references. Index terms should be relatively independent, and as a group should optimally characterize the paper. All figures, tables, and other illustrations must be numbered, include a descriptive caption, and be cited in the text. References should appear in a separate bibliography at the end of the paper, with items referred to by numerals in square brackets.

All manuscripts should be submitted electronically to the editor at info@iul-world.com . Details about electronic submission are available in our Submission Guide instructions.     

ARIE Style

ARIE Style Guide defines and explains unique ARIE  usages, particularly where they differ from other usages. It also defines specialized terms to help editors determine proper usage and phraseology. ARIE Style Guide includes following sections:
*    Abbreviations
*    Capitalization
*    Non-English Words and Phrases
*    Numerals
*    Postal Information
*    References
      -    Sample Formats
      -   General Style

*    The abbreviations Jr. , Sr., II, and so forth are part of the person's name and so are retained in connection with any titles (for example, correct usage is "William Jones, Jr., PhD").
*    Mr., Mrs., Ms, and Dr. are dropped if another title is also used (the usage "Dr. William Jones, Jr., PhD" is incorrect).

*    In titles of articles, books, and so forth, capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and first and last words. Function words (articles, coordinate conjunctions, and prepositions) are not capitalized, regardless of their length: "A Student from Cameroon," "New Connections between National Cultures," "Keeping the Knowledge without Giving In." For hyphenated words in titles, see Chicago Guide of Style , section 7.128.

*    In references, use standard capitalization for titles of books and reports but do not use capitalization for titles of articles and do not lowercase internal capitals or improper acronyms that may appear, even if it conflicts with the style guidelines. This is to avoid defeating index search engines that may be case sensitive. See also Reference section of this Guide.

*  Names of departments, divisions, laboratories , and so forth, are capitalized when used as part of an organization's proper name: Biomedical Engineering Department of the University of Iowa; the university's biomedical engineering department; Department of Students Affairs; the admission division at MIT.

*    Use accents in anglicized foreign terms when they affect pronunciation or when they will prevent confusion between English words that are spelled the same. For example, café not cafe, crêpe not crepe, and résumé , not resume .

*    Italicize terms not commonly accepted in English, but generally use such terms in text only when there is no suitable English equivalent. The way to determine whether a term is commonly accepted in English is to see whether it is in the main body of Webster's dictionary--if it is, do not italicize.

*    Transliterate non-Roman languages into the Roman alphabet. Use the transliterated phrase, an English translation, or both.

*    For non-English institutional names, use the original name for spellings using Roman alphabets, providing a translation if the reader might not understand. This approach works well with organizations whose acronyms are well known, such as CCITT (Comité Consultatif International de Télégraphique et Téléphonique ), because using a translation ( International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony ) followed by the acronym could confuse some readers. This same guideline applies to university names in bylines and references. In some cases, the non-English acronym is well known and always associated with the English translation. An example is the European Center for Nuclear Research , which is widely known by its French acronym CERN .

*    For non-English references, provide the original title first, but follow it with the English translation in brackets so that English-only readers can understand it. Follow English capitalization rules in the translated title. If you do not have a translation or cannot translate the title, query the author of the article (who presumably has read the work and can translate the title). If the author cannot provide a translation, propose deleting the reference.

*   For author names, always follow the author's preference. However, if the accents required are not readily available in the ARIE font list, ask the author for English equivalents.

*    Spell out integers one through nine and use numerals for 10 on, except in the following cases:

     -   when the integer is coupled with a symbol or unit of measurement (2°, 3 V), numerals should be used even for one through nine.
    -    numerals should be used with percentages even for one through nine (a 5-percent drop, 3 percent responded, 3 to 6 percent).
    -    in nontechnical passages, numbers less than 10 used with common units, especially time units, should be spelled out, for example, "a report from six years ago said " or  "he lives five miles down the road" .
    -    numbers used with approximate measurements, hould be spelled out as well, for example, "about two or three inches".

*   For a compound adjective consisting of a number and an abbreviated unit of measurement, ARIE style hyphenates the term--for example, 6-month curriculum or 3-year study.

*  Integers greater than nine should be spelled out when part of the number is an indefinite article, for example, approximately one hundred hours.

*    Use an s to create plurals of numerals:

     -    the early 1980s
     -    in twos, threes, and zeros.

Albret AJ: Models for international education. In: Education Abroad, 2nd ed., Jones C, ed., IUL Press, La Jolla, Calif., 1981:34-43.
Article in a conference proceedings
In general, delete prepositions where the meaning is clear without them. Use the ordinal symbol (2nd, 14th, 23rd) for annual conferences. If available, include the conference initialism in parentheses--for example, (ICTE 99)--following the abbreviated name of the conference.
Kurtz A: Digital acculturation in the new communication technology curriculum. Int'l Conf Technol & Educ (ICTE 99) Tampa 1999. Tampa, Fla., 1999: pp. 29-31.
Article in a journal or magazine
Use bold font  for volume and place number in parenthesis. Page numbers through 9999 do not require a comma.
Albrecht TJ: A Texas-size victory for international education. International Educators 2001, 3 (1):1-55.
Book
Crisis Management in a Cross-Cultural Setting . Burak PA, Hoffa WW, eds., Washington, DC: Nat'l Assn of Int'l Educators, 2001, p.216.
Jones J, Wilson W: An Incomplete Education . Westminster, MD: Ballantine Books, 1995.
CD-ROM and DVD
Place the term "CD-ROM" or "DVD" following the publication's title and preceding the publisher's name. For example, the format for a book that is available on CD-ROM is
Cromwell J: The Education of Little Tree , DVD, New York: Paramaunt Home Video, 1997.
Dissertation or thesis

Nichols M, Levels of Learning and Their Use in Instructions, master's thesis, Dept. of Secondary Education, Rensselaer Teacher's Training College., Troy, N.Y., 1985.
Electronic publication

When formatting URLs, use the exact address supplied by the author. For example, if the author uses the http://, you should include it; if the author does not include the http://, or a www, and so on, do not add these yourself. Not all addresses start with http:// (there are other protocols that are also legitimate, for example, ftp://), and not all addresses need, nor indeed do all work with, a www; since we are not familiar with the addresses we must avoid incorrectly "fixing" the author's info. If you recognize something as a URL without the http://, the reader probably will, too.

Be sure to include all punctuation exactly as supplied (hyphens and tildes, in particular, are very common in Web addresses).

Verify addresses you tag as URLs by copying and pasting them into your browser and seeing if the string of text that is in your Word doc actually goes where it should.

Nakayama T et al., Higher education in Japan. Nikkei xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx [Japan Journal of Multilingualism and Multiculturalism] 1995, 6(12) :111-121 (in Japanese).

These are usually not referenced because they are not available to the reader. Authors who insist on attributing material obtained through personal communication should identify the source of the information in the main text (as Maria Younggood stated during a conference panel,... or Maria Younggood in personal communication...).

Use each author's last name and initials. Leave no comma after the last name and no space and no period between initials.Use a colon after the last initial--Webb IFD: .

In book titles, capitalize the first and last words, and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions. Lowercase articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions, regardless of length. Example: Education and Educational Institutions in Mexico. In articles titles do not capitalize internal words. Example: Toward better interactive on-line teaching.

Do not include the editor's name for a conference proceedings unless it is a carefully edited volume published as a regular book.

References to electronic repositories are acceptable in ARIE Publications, but are not the references of choice for formal archival use. Wherever possible, replace such references with references to printed material. However, when this is not possible, cite the electronic address along with as much additional information as possible. If the address itself becomes invalid in the future, the other information may help researchers find the same document elsewhere on the Internet. At the very least, a reference to an electronic source must include the Internet URL and the most recent date the information was accessed by the author citing the reference, for example, (current Oct. 2000).

When an electronic reference is being referred to simply to give the reader a place to go for more information, instead of including it in a formal reference list, it can be noted, perhaps within parentheses, in running text. Because such references break the flow of the text, use them sparingly and do not set them off in italic, boldface, or typewriter font. If an article includes many electronic references, consider placing them in a sidebar or a broken-out list.

When referring to various portions of a WWW page in text, use an initial cap for the designated item. Do not set it off with quotes, parentheses, or italics. Thus, a sample reference could be, The proper way to search the page is to click on the Go button, or The text can be found in the Publications section of the company's Web site.

Drop the "on" from "Workshop on" constructions. When abbreviating institution names, drop "of" except in "University of" constructions, for example, Inst. Systems Research, Univ. of Wisconsin.

After names of cities, use the standard state abbreviations rather than postal codes when identifying publisher locations. See the "Postal information" section for a list of standard state abbreviations. Do not list province or state names for cities outside the US and Canada.

Include the state abbreviation (see the Postal information section) for all US cities except the following: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Seattle.

For publishers located outside the US, list the nation after the city. Do not include the nation for the following cities: Amsterdam, Athens, Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, Budapest, Cairo, Copenhagen, Geneva, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Jerusalem, Kyoto, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Montreal, Moscow, Munich, Paris, Rome, Seoul, Shanghai, Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Sydney, Taipei, Tokyo, Toronto, Vienna, and Warsaw.

References for proceedings should tell where an interested reader can find the source, not where the conference took place. However, including the conference location (in parentheses following the conference name), often helps publishers distinguish among many similarly-named conferences. If a proceedings did not use a traditional publisher, provide the sponsoring organization and its location.

Include the department name for technical reports, technical memos, and other material that may not be indexed in a company-wide or university-wide library or by an abstracting service.